A lofty sheet of fibres, which may be bonded, used for padding, stuffing, or packing.

Additional warp or weft used in a fabric for the purposes of increasing its weight, bulk, firmness, or the prominence of the design. These threads are not visible on the fabric face.

A fancy or figured fabric of piqu'e structure. Typical construction (cotton): Warp Weft 28 ends per cm of 15tex face 38 picks per em in a ratio of 14 ends per em of 21tex stitching 10 face picks of 12tex to 2 wadding picks of 30tex

A narrow band of material around the waist of a garment.note.. It may consist of cloth folded double and attached to the waist or it may be produced integrally with the garment. Depending on garment style, the waistband may be stabilised or elasticated.

(wès¹kît, wâst¹kot´) noun A garment formerly worn by men under a doublet. Chiefly British. A short, sleeveless, collarless garment worn especially over a shirt

(knitting) A column of loops along the length of a fabric.

(lace) The distance between the centres of two adjacent pillars.

(knitted fabric) The number of visible loops per unit length measured along a course.

(weft knitting) A distortion of a circular-knitted fabric in which the wales follow a spiral path around the axis of the tube. Spirality is caused by the use of yam that is twist-lively, the direction and degree of spirality being determined by the direction and degree of twist liveliness. A comparable defect occurs in flat-knitted fabric. (See also course spirality (weft knitting).)

(fibre) The solid portion of the cotton fibre, divided into two parts:

(i) primary wall: a thin skin on the surface of the fibre;

(ii) secondary wall: the main part of the solid part of the fibre composed of layers of cellulose.

The threads that run lengthwise in a woven fabric, crossed at right angles to the woof.The warp is the set of lengthwise threads attached to a loom before weaving begins. Each individual warp thread in a fabric is called a warp end. Warp means "that which is thrown across"

Warp is spun fibre. Initially the fibre would have been wool or flax (which is known as linen when spun). These fibres provided a strong enough thread to be held under tension as the warp. With the improvements in spinning technology during the Industrial Revolution, it became possible to make cotton yarn of sufficient strength to be used as the warp. Later, artificial or man-made fibres such as nylon or rayon were employed. The weft is the yarn that is woven back and forth through the warp to make cloth.

The two types of warp knitting are raschel, made with latch needles, and tricot, using bearded needles.

Raschel

Coarser yarns are generally used for raschel knitting, and there has recently been interest in knitting staple yarns on these machines. In the Raschel machine, the needles move in a ground steel plate, called the trick plate. The top of this plate, the verge, defines the level of the completed loops on the needle shank. The loops are prevented from moving upward when the needle rises by the downward pull of the fabric and the sinkers between the needles. Guide bars feed the yarn to the needles. In a knitting cycle, the needles start at the lowest point, when the preceding loop has just been cast off, and the new loop joins the needle hook to the fabric. The needles rise, while the new loop opens the latches and ends up on the shank below the latch. The guide bars then swing through the needles, and the front bar moves one needle space sideways. When the guide bar swings back to the front of the machine, the front bar has laid the thread on the hooks. The needles fall, the earlier loops close the latch to trap the new loops, and the old loops are cast off. Raschels, made in a variety of forms, are usually more open in construction and coarser in texture than are other warp knits.

The earliest looms were probably vertical warp-weighted looms, with the warp threads suspended from a branch or piece of wood and weighted or attached to the ground. The weft threads would be pushed into place by hand or a stick that would eventually become the shuttle. At first, it was necessary to raise and lower every warp thread one at a time, which was a time-consuming and laborious process. Basic techniques, such as the insertion of a rod, were developed to produce a shed, the space between warp threads (perhaps every other thread would be alternately raised and lowered), so that the weft thread or shuttle could pass through the entire warp at once.

(weft knitting) Additional courses used in the manufacture of knitted articles either as protective courses or to facilitate handling in subsequent operations. These courses are afterwards removed.

a. To make (cloth) by interlacing the threads of the weft and the warp on a loom. b. To interlace (threads, for example) into cloth.